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Anatomy of Heart

The Heart Chambers:

 

• The right atrium:                                                                                 

• Receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the inferior and superior vena cava.

• The right ventricle:                                                       

• Receives blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the lungs via the pulmonary artery.

• The left atrium:                                                                

• Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via pulmonary veins.

• The left ventricle:                                                                                   

• Is the largest and most muscular chamber.  It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via left atrium and pumps blood into the systemic circulation via aorta.

 

 

 

 

Heart Valves:

 

 

• Atrioventricular valves:                                       

• Control blood flow between heart's upper and lower chambers.                      
• They close at the beginning of ventricular contraction and open when ventricle relaxes.
• Tricuspid valve:                                                    

• Is located on the right side of the heart.

• Bicuspid or Mitral valve:                                

• Is located on the left side of the heart.

• Semilunar valves:                                          

• Control blood flow out of your heart.
• Pulmonic valve:

• Is located between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery.

• Aortic valve:

• Is located between the left ventricle and aorta.

Layers of the heart:

• Epicardium:

• The outer layer of the muscle tissue.

• Myocardium:

• The thick muscular layer in the middle.

• Endocardium:

• The inner most layer.

• Pericardium

• The fibroserous sac that encloses and protects the heart.  
• It consists of two layers: the visceral (inner) and parietal layer (outer). Between the two layers of the pericardium is a fluid filled layer.
• This serous layer reduces friction when the heart contracts.

 

Blood supply to the heart:

 

∎Left Coronary artery:

▪Anterior wall of the left ventricle

▪Anterior ventricular septum

▪Apex of the left ventricle

∎Circumflex artery:

▪Left atrium

▪Lateral and posterior portion of the left ventricle

∎Right Coronary artery (RAC)

▪The sinoatrial (SA)

▪Atrioventricular node (AV) nodes

▪The septum,

▪The right atrium and ventricle.

∎The Posterior descending artery:               

 ▪The left atrium and the inferior and  posterior sections of the left ventricle

▪The posterior portion of the right ventricle.

 

circulation:-

 

Superior and Inferior vena cava →Right atrium →Tricuspid valve →Right ventricle→ Pulmonary valve →Pulmonary trunk →Pulmonary arteries →Lung                                   (Pulmonary circulation)

                                                                                ↓

Pulmonary veins →Left atrium →Bicuspid/Mitral valve →Left ventricle →Aortic valve →Aorta

                                                                               ↓

                                                         (Systemic circulation)